Commonly Confused Words Diagnosis and Prognosis

The words  diagnosis and prognosis are commonly (though not exclusively) used in the medical field. Both terms contain the root word gnosis, which means knowledge. But  diagnosis and prognosis refer to different kinds of knowledge or information. Definitions The noun diagnosis refers to the process of analyzing information to understand or explain something. The plural of diagnosis is diagnoses. The adjective form is diagnostic. The noun prognosis means a forecast or prediction--a judgment about what is likely to occur in the future. The plural of prognosis is prognoses. In the medical field, diagnosis relates to identifying and understanding the nature of a disease or disorder, while a prognosis  is a prediction of the probable outcome of a disease or disorder. Examples Medical researchers are examining strategies for the early diagnosis of Alzheimers disease.A simple 15-minute brain scan could help doctors diagnose people* with  autism  by identifying structural differences in their brains. Scientists say the scans would speed up what is currently a long and emotional diagnostic procedure and allow the identification of at-risk children more rapidly.​(Alok Jha, Autism Can Be Diagnosed With Brain Scan--Study. The Guardian [UK], August 10, 2010)* See usage notes below.  The prognosis for continued and sustainable improvements in human well-being on a transformed planet Earth is, at best, guarded.​(W.C. Clark et al., Science for Global Sustainability.  Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, ed. by Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber et al. MIT Press, 2004)Our task was to  learn all that was known  about the natural history of disease so that we could make an accurate diagnosis and a reasonably probabilistic prognosis.  That done, our function as doctors  would be to enlist the best possible nursing care, explain matters to the patient and family, and stand by.​(Lewis Thomas, The Fragile Species. Touchstone, 1996) Usage Notes The distinguishing  difference between diagnosis and prognosis  is that prognosis implies the prediction of a future state. Thus, to accomplish prognosis requires both diagnostic and predictive tools, the former to sense the current state of damage and the latter to predict the future state based on projected usage and applicable life-prediction routines.​(Materials Damage Prognosis, ed. by James M. Larsen et al., 2005)  The disease, not the patient, is diagnosed. Do not write She was diagnosed with cancer. But also avoid stilted constructions like this: She was given a diagnosis of cancer. Consider simpler alternatives: She learned she had cancer. Tests showed she had cancer. Her doctor told her she had cancer.(Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, 5th ed. Three Rivers Press, 2015)Lurie 1927 disapproves of using the verb diagnose with a person as its object, even though there is often no other way of avoiding a stilted se ntence. . . . [W]e believe that it is more frequently found in speech than in writing. However, the usefulness of this sense of diagnose is manifest, and its use in writing may well increase.(Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, 1994) Practice (a) When the ships engine wouldnt start, the chief engineer offered a _____ of the problem.(b) The gloomy _____ for jobs and incomes in the coming year sent stock prices falling. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) When the ships engine wouldnt start, the chief engineer offered a  diagnosis  of the problem.(b) The gloomy  prognosis  for jobs and incomes in the coming year sent stock prices falling.

Research On Single Sex Education - 5889 Words

Michal Adler Capstone- Maalot 2015 July 12, 2015 Education reform is a commonly debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. Two fundamental reform ideas that are most commonly discussed are coeducation versus single sex education. This paper will explore the research behind single sex education versus coeducation, and how Jewish values relate to this research. The idea of educational reform is not a new concept in America. In the years following World War Two, the citizens of the United States were not strangers to poverty and low-levels of education as well as gender and racial discrimination in schools. One of the main focuses of the US legislative branch was to provide federal aid to resolve these major issues. In response to these con cerns, the US government decided to pass several laws to begin to equalize educational opportunities for all students no matter what their background was. (Office of Education (DHEW),1969). In 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) which he believed would allow â€Å"full educational opportunities† to all students. The ESEA offered government aid in forms of scholarships to schools to help low-income students asShow MoreRelatedResearch On Single Sex Education5097 Words   |  21 Pages2015 Education reform is a widely debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. One fundamental reform idea that is most commonly discussed is coeducation vs single sex education. This paper will explore the research behindRead MoreSingle Sex Education Research Paper721 Words   |  3 PagesDenisse Franco Mrs. Kirkpatrick English 4, Period 6 18, April 2017 Single-sex Education Research Paper Many Americans go back and forth about whether an all boys (girls) school is a good idea to enroll their kids in. Therefore, many people are not well informed of the benefits or disadvantage in this type of education system (single-sex). This type of education includes the children that attend single sex schools are often brighter than those who attend regular schools with both sexes. Also theyRead MoreSingle Sex Classes Should Not Be Incorporated Into Schools Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSingle-sex education consists of separating male and female students and teaching them in different schools or classes. Although controversial and often looked as antiquated, more Americans have been considering single-sex schools as a viable option since the early 2000’s. The reason? With various problems public school education faces, many parents have been looking at single-sex education as a potential solution to some of those problems. In addition, with the very convincing gender rhe toric thoseRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Single Sex Education Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagespublic single-sex education has increased in the recent years as schools are piled with more pressure to increase their grades and keep teaching method fresh. It’s an old approach to the education but its gaining momentum in public schools as it has been the method in most private schools. According to the report by National Association for Single Sex Education, over two hundred public schools across the United States offer single-sex classrooms. Most public schools are venturing into single-sex educationRead MoreInfanticide And Single Sex Education1284 Words   |  6 PagesCoeducation and single-sex education are both extensively used around the world. By the 1980s, more and more schools which only severed male or female became coed. Even though, many parents still send their kids to only men school or only women school now days. Then why would some people choose a only men or only women school? Is it against the â€Å"gender equality†? In the early civilizations, education was informally and it was primarily households. As time passed, people began to get educated moreRead Moresingle sex schools838 Words   |  4 Pages Single-Sex Schools: More Beneficial than a Parent May Think Single-sex education, also known as single-gender education, is the practice of conducting education where male and females students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools. It has been a topic of debate especially for parents who have to think about where to send their children to school. There are many reasons and evidence to suggest that single sex schools are more beneficial. They provide studentsRead MoreSingle Sex Education Is Beneficial For Females Than Males Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesschools so switching to single-sex education was rather different for me. Four years at Academy of the Holy Names prepared me to be successful in my future endeavors and also to be confident in who I am. Although research shows that single-sex education is beneficial for both sexes, it indicates that single-sex education is more advantageous for females than males. Research and statistics explain that there is a male dominance in co-education schools, and t hat single-sex education provides girls a betterRead MoreDania Jaser. Educational Psychology 2242. Kristen Kwasny.1734 Words   |  7 PagesEducational Psychology 2242 Kristen Kwasny 3 March 2017 Are Single-sex schools better? Recently single-sex schools have made a comeback, and this has raised the question of whether they are better than coeducational schools. In single-sex educational systems, male and female students are separated and taught in different school buildings or classrooms. In a historical point of view, only boys were given the opportunity to pursue formal education in the United States. Schools for women began to spreadRead MoreSingle Sex Education Is Overall More Effective For Most People1274 Words   |  6 PagesSingle sex education is overall more effective for most people. It helps with multiple aspects of a person s personality. This specific education helps students gain confidence, feel comfortable, and lets students be themselves. It’s no surprise that boys and girls were educated separately in the colonial times (Kennedy). During the 1960s and the 1970s, the number of single sex schools began to decrease. The main reason for this decrease was out of respect for women s rights and equalityRead MoreSingle-Sex Education and Co-ed Education Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesSingle-Sex Education and Coed Education. The single-sex format creates opportunities that do not exist in the coed classroom. (Edison 1) Researchers are unaware that both genders brains function differently. This lack of knowledge may be why the real truth about single-sex education being more efficient than co-ed education has not been discovered. Some say single-sex education may be the key for a brighter generation. It shows to improve test score dramatically. The number of public schools experimenting

Poverty and Human Development for Islamic Finance - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePoverty and Human Development for Islamic Finance. Answer: Introduction Poverty continues to be a widespread problem that negatively affects economic growth of Nigeria. The widespread of poverty within Nigeria is no longer a controversial subject. However, the controversial part is the correct choice of appropriate strategies for reducing poverty within the region. The major suggestions are that the selection of strategies must be multidimensional and for all procedures recommended, the society has to remain committed, discipline, as well as consistent with all the ideas to be stipulatable (Obafemi Ifere, 2014). The need to follow appropriate technique is essential because overcoming the issue of poverty cannot come by accident but through conscious and concerted efforts by locals and Nigerian authorities. Poverty in Nigeria is largely the social problem rather than individual dispositional. Nigerians and their government have to address it critically, severally, and simultaneously on all fronts. The concern must recognize that overcoming poverty in the region comprises of economic, social, political, and agricultural, together with ideological policies that affect the economic sector. It is envisagable that every strategy set to overcome the issue will aid in reducing the incidence of poverty largely in Nigeria if adoptable and implemented in the right manner. Besides, every strategy suggested are mutually reinforcing in overcoming poverty (Koyenikam, 2011). Reducing poverty is the most significant challenge facing Nigeria and its citizens as well as the important obstacle to pursuit sustainable socioeconomic growth. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to address how Nigeria can overcome the issue of poverty. Strategies for overcoming poverty in Nigeria Since the major causes of poverty in Nigeria are multinational, in the same manner, the strategies for overcoming poverty must remain to be multinational. Therefore, the firm along with solid foundation is essential for the successful implementation of programs for overcoming poverty. The strategies solidly based on the operations of state security along with political instability, obedience, infrastructural advancements, and progress of economic steadiness and stipulation of suffiecient welfare examinations. Achievement of every set strategy needs to focus collaboration of all stakeholders, federal, state, and local government, together with the private segment, non-governmental associations, and the international society (Adekoya Sofowora, 2014). All the strategies have to focus on ideas that ensure synergy and complementarity in the intervention of the several actions in each of the social sector. In the past, Nigerian government had embarked on different attempts to alleviate po verty but failed because of various reasons. Some of the reasons that need an improvement to overcome the issue include the politics of personal rule leading to military dictatorship making ordinary people remain in poverty. Some of the strategies that can be applicable in overcoming the poverty in Nigeria consist of sanctioning individuals through education, enlightening healthcare segment, improving health of environment, dealing with the HIV/AIDS question, creating the competitive private sector, improving regional integration and trade policies among other strategies (Sonanshei, 2014. The countries can also focus on building the more efficient and responsive public sector, improve safety and the administration of justice like increasing rights of women, promoting, and protecting human rights to enable every individual in the region to be economically independent. Creation of employment activities, raising wages in the employment sector, and canceling national debts are some of t he strategies for overcoming poverty in Nigeria. The idea calls for policies that develop market incentives, good infrastructure, stable social and political institution, and adaptable use of technology. There is also need to make basic social services available to poor persons in the region (Adepoju, 2014). Besides, primary health care, family planning, balanced nutrition, as well as the central education remains to have prime importance in overcoming poverty in Nigeria. All the major strategies that can aid in overcoming poverty fall into five different classes that include political, social, economic, ideological, and agricultural sectors. Development of rural parts of Nigeria For the extended period, Nigeria has had an approach of development that has the focus to folloe the industrial progess in the towns. The aid of developing urban areas remains to be that the improved prosperity and demand of raw materials can then flood to the rural regions. There is a need by the local authorities and national government to pursue to superior influence with a various tactics to developing the countryside areas (Oladapo, 2014). Such ideas of developing rural areas will aid in overcoming the poverty in the region because people will be able to attain basic amenities such as water, electricity, and clean water. The development of rural areas will lead to improved health care among the population and increasing education among the people within rural regions (Agoyino Ferrara, 2016). Besides, development of the countryside can aid in encouraging the creation of agro-based compnies in the region leading to increased employment rates that will allow people that reside in these regions to earn income that they can use in supporting their lives. The development of rural areas will enable the nation to stem rural-urban migration. The control of migration will curtail crime as well as the spread of wealth more equitably among its people. The Nigerian government must focus on the development of rural areas because most of its citizens who are poor are residing in the countryside and neglecting such people is what is liable for Nigerias poor score in the various state health catalogues. Therefore, strategies for developing rural areas will improve admission to technological device, entry to clean water, improved road transport, and increasing health among the residents (Oduwole, 2016). All these improvements will help in eliminating poverty level among the people within the rural setting. In another side, if national policies by the Nigerian government and other stakeholders fail to direct policies to develop rural areas in helping the poor majority in those areas, many people will remain to be dependent, and this will make the people rely on governmental support to live. Consequently, the government school aims at establishing science schools in countryside regions so that children can expand regional technologies to aid in process of improving the output among the local occupations (Alade Eniola, 2012). The improved technologies have to be adaptable in combination with foreign professionals that go aside in the countryside regions to guarantee transfer of technology for development. Constructive engagement People in Nigeria especially the youth have to discover to appoint their leaders to achieve constructive changes in the economic, social, political, and technological sector. These changes are essential to improving the income among the operators in different economic sectors. There is a need by the youths and any other person in the country to understand that never complains brought change in overcoming poverty levels in the country. However, people need to realize that analysis are right, but if they disaffect individuals in power and fall short to steer them towards completing certain alteration, they change to be the waste (Dauda, 2016). Constructive engagement by the citizens in Nigeria has to point out for areas for improvement to leaders. For proper improvement of lives of locals, authorities should ensure that the constructive engagement does not lead to the avenue to trade insults. The government can use the constructive engagement to reach the locals by teaching them on the best methods to use in farming and production. The improved production among the people will ensure that every individual is independent and can attain essential basic needs (Oduola, 2014). The creation of best jobs by constructive engagement is the great approach to reduce poverty in Nigeria. When people in the region have jobs, have the good income, and when individuals have income, they can more easily get themselves out of poverty. Increasing the minimum wage Majority of the population of Nigeria comprises more of the poor labor. It is essential for the employment sector in the region to make the poor laborers contented by enlighting their pay not portent fine for the whole country. Besides, most employers may dislike the idea of increasing wages of their employees. It is essential because people will be able to improve the quality of their lives because of increased effects of the wage bill in Nigeria. When employees are getting the better wage, they will increase their productivity, and the country will be able to earn huge income from different companies that they can use in improving lives of the people who are needy. The increased in wages will make money to be available to the society for discretionary spending (Anyanwa, 2014). These spending will increase as the demand for goods and services increases leading to improved lifestyles of people within the country. The increase in minimum wage of employees among Nigeria workers will en sure that the capacities of production become utilizable and total overall costs will drop (Oladapo, 2014). The decline in prices will lead to marginal that will increase profit margins essential in improving public amenities like communication and transport networks. It is evident that no community can only flourish and remain happy if the members of the nation remain poor and miserable. The plan to increase minimum wages by any employment sector in Nigeria can be essential in ensuring that every person in those employment sectors earns income that can support in acquiring basic needs like food, shelter, and housing. The increase in wages will enable the government to increase in tax that they receive from different employment sectors. The increase in taxation will be essential in ensuring that the state budget and develop various public areas like hospitals, schools, and roads (Dunne Ajayi, 2017). The development of public sector will help in reducing the poverty level among the people because the government can ensure that they provide free medical and learning. Therefore, with free education and medical services, those who might be less privileged in financial conditions will be able to have access to the improved healthcare sector and primary education without incurring any cost (Adekoya Sofowora, 2014). A fully employed employee with kids receiving the least salary will still be able to lift up the lineage in hardship. Therefore, boosting the minimum salary could potentially boost healthcare status as well as wellbeing of people. Increase awareness of family planning Despite the fact that the children are the gift from the Almighty God from the perspective of Christians, children are the benefit just for the nation whose state prosperity is escalating. Hardship does not stop births, although it remains to be unfavorable to taking care of children. For the country, whose state prosperity is declining or stagnant in growth that kids and their parents might mug huge misery. The Nigerian government should form the best strategy on how to control birth rates among its population because presently it has high birth rates (Oduola, 2014). The country should focus on controlling the steady increase in the birth rate as it will form the right program for the government to plan well for its development of public amenities that will support every individual.The country should not have much focus on how it create enough wealth for its burgeoning population, but on how to control birth rates. Controlling birth rates through improvised methods of family plannin g will be essential for the people and the country to give birth to children that they can support without any difficulty (Iyela Ikwuakam, 2015). The control of birth rates will also allow the poor in the country to plan for the correct number of children to have and support. The idea will be essential in ensuring that not every family faces the financial crisis in supporting their children. Increasing the awareness of family planning will help in making families elite on the correct number of children to have by their income. The poor will be able to assert their independence and reproductive rights through education concerning family planning. Better family planning reduces complications as well as ensuring women are in superior fitness when they have the successive pregnancy leading to improved health. The improved health of women who bear children will make sure that they do not incur extra costs in controlling their health status (Obafemi Ifere, 2014). Therefore, it is essential that the Nigerian authority to empower the Nigerian female through education. Besides, the government has the mandate to make, stock, and adequately team maternal toegther with childcare axis in every local authority in Nigeria to tackle family planning. Family planning among the people in the country will ensure that government can be able to support the right number of individuals leading to reduce cases of dependency. Development of infrastructure The rural poor in Nigeria has been unable tocreate the finest application of their possessions that include human resources and support services (Dunne Ajayi, 2017).Nigerian government should focus on communal along with physical communication network and services by funding and maintain the greatest infrastructure to support the lives of the rural population. The authority should aim at improving the infrastructure together with services that associate with the education and healthcare. The involvement of best-targeted groups in creating the choices concerning the completion, checking, and responsibilities of design will help in improving lives of the poor in countryside areas (Oduwole, 2016). The involvement of locals during the construction of national infrastructures like roads, hospital, or schools will make the people that are jobless to earn income, and this will help them to get their basic needs. Besides, infrastructure build in the rural areas will aid in building and stre ngthen human capital among the poor so that they can get out of poverty. The poor people in the countryside can then contribute more to the economy as well as society. There is a need to focus on building assets by the Nigerian government in every region of the country. The authority should be able to assess what assets the poor people in the society needs most to help them in earning more cash. The focus on building assets by the government to help the people might remain on agricultural soil or another resource, admission to recognition, or improvement of education level or healthcare status. The government should eliminate the reliance on basic materials without converge on developing other possessions, as it is the solitary most significant source of unrelenting hardship in Nigeria (Koyenikam, 2011). The elastic civil works strategy significantly aid the close landless as well as the lack of land to stabilize household utilization and shun fleeting hardship. The strategy is applicable on the sustainable foundation (Anyanwu, 2014). The strategy of developing infrastructure improves the authority of bargaining if the deprived people in countrysid e areas of Nigeria. Conclusion The research output on this paper addresses some of the policy responses to the envisaged complex humanitarian emergencies like poverty that faces developing countries around the world such as Nigeria. The national governments, private sectors, international communities, together with civil societies have the mandate of making the substantial effort of incorporating measures of overcoming poverty in their regular operations. In particular, the national authority of Nigeria keeps the relics of superior systems for budgeting, preparation, managing, as well as scheming of civic resources. The above strategies presented in this research paper are therefore expectable to offer the quantitative policy strategy for the various measures of overcoming poverty by different personnel. These strategies are the essential component in the effort of the Nigeria in establishing the basis for Long-term and sustainable development in the region. The primary suggested strategies must be multidimensiona l and for all the strategies recommended to work. References Adekoya - Sofowora, C. (2014). Global Theme Issue: Poverty and Human Development The effect of poverty on access to oral health care in Nigeria. Nigerian Dental Journal, 16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ndj.v16i1.42123 Adepoju, R. (2014). A Critical Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Strategies of Al-Hayat Relief Foundation in Nigeria. Journal Of Islamic Finance, 3(2), 49-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0025105 Agovino, M., Ferrara, M. (2016). Can civilian disability pensions overcome the poverty issue? A DSGE analysis for Italian data. Quality Quantity, 51(4), 1469-1491. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0347-9 Alade, O., Eniola, P. (2012). Gender Contribution to Rural Household Food Security in South West, Nigeria. Asian Journal Of Rural Development, 2(2), 32-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajrd.2012.32.39 Anyanwu, J. (2014). Marital Status, Household Size and Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2009/2010 Survey Data. African Development Review, 26(1), 118-137. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12069 Dauda, R. (2016). Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Issues and Policies. Journal Of Poverty, 21(1), 61-79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2016.1141383 Deinne, C., Ajayi, D. (2017). Spatial Dynamics of Urban Poverty in Delta State Nigeria. Iyela, A., Ikwuakam, O. (2015). Poverty Coping Strategies of Rural Women Dwellers of Batagarawa Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p296 Koyenikan, M. (2011). Towards effective extension delivery approach and strategies for food security poverty alleviation and sustainable development in Nigeria. Global Approaches To Extension Practice: A Journal Of Agricultural Extension, 6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gaep.v6i1.64022 Obafemi, F., Ifere, E. (2014). Incidence of Energy Poverty in Nigeria: A Critical Assessment. Advances In Social Sciences Research Journal, 1(4), 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.14.179 Oduola, F. (2014). Poverty Alleviation Strategies in Nigeria: The Missing Link of Adult Education. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1674 Oduwole, T. (2016). Dialetical Discourse on Development and Poverty: Its Implication in Nigeria. Advances In Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.36.2039 Oladapo Sam, I. (2014). Achieving Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Rural Development in Nigeria through Local Economic Development Strategies. American Journal Of Rural Development, 2(1), 13-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajrd-2-1-3 Sonenshein, S. (2014). How Corporations Overcome Issue Illegitimacy and Issue Equivocality to Address Social Welfare: The Role of the Social Change Agent. Academy Of Management Review, 41(2), 349-366. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2013.0425

Victorian rugby league

Rugby is one of the biggest international sporting games in the world, and this is the case in Australia in which it is one of the three major football codes that dominate Australian sport. The origin of rugby can be traced back to times in which it was played at the eminent English public schools.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Victorian rugby league specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was introduced in Australia by Tom Wills in 1858 and since then, it has tremendously grown in terms of the number of players and those who love watching the game (ABS 2002, p.31). The game is played primarily during the winter season and the largest percentage of participants lie within the eastern states of Australia. The media plays a vital part in broadcasting the game to a wider audience across the globe; in 2009 alone the game was approximated to have attracted 128.5 million viewers (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 16). The Vi ctorian rugby league is a body in Australia that heads the rugby league sporting activities (Daly 2005, p. 68). Although this league has gained prominence in the country, it is worth noting that this was only possible after splitting from the rugby union. In addition, before 1924, the body comprised of members from other small bodies from different states which included three members from Queensland rugby league, and three from New South Wales rugby league (Davison Lawson 2006, p.17). Rugby League was started when clubs in North England separated from the rugby football union in 1895, creating the two different codes within the one sport (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). The separation was due to disagreement between the working class and the higher socio economic class. The Victorian rugby league gained popularity in 1907, and new codes of the game from other states were imported and embraced in the region (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 32). In 1924, the Australian rugby lea gue board of control was formed which later transformed to the Australian rugby league (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 123). The Australian rugby league is governed by a board which is made up of a partnership committee of six delegates who have the duty of administering all competitions of the league. The head of this body is appointed on a yearly basis. The league has complicated governance- comprising of representatives of the New South Wales rugby league, the Queensland rugby league, the national rugby league and the Australian rugby league. Each of these play a role of contributing ideas that are much needed to run the league (Davison Lawson 2006, p.14).Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The league aims at supporting rugby in Australia and ensuring that it achieves the maximum potential of participation (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 63). It is also aimed at bringing the people in the communities together and aims at working harmoniously as they play the sport. Rugby is a sport that is perceived to be rough and many would refrain from participating due to fear of suffering both emotionally and physically. The league aims at ensuring that the environment surrounding the game is free of harm of players. The Australia rugby league comprises of thirteen part-time clubs which take part in the sport when the season starts in March every year (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.120)The games are played every weekend till the end of September (Davison Lawson 2006, p.14). In 2008, a total of 423,584 Australians took part in rugby league competitions (Roberts 2008, p.105). Junior registration has seen a major increase in participation. Between the years 1999 and 2008 participation among junior members has grown from 79,000 to 120,667 (Roberts 2008, p.110). In senior groups, participation levels tend to reduce in the higher age groups due to the nature of the game w hich definitely calls for more physical strength and vigor. In terms of gender, the Australian rugby league has witnessed a much higher percentage in participation from men than women. The lack of women participation in the game is due to the masculine nature of the game which puts off the female gender (Daly 2005, p. 68). Although this is the case for the grownups, it is contrary in the case of the junior teams. There are many junior women who participate in this game. This has increased the likeability of the game among females in spite of the seemingly low participation levels especially at national and international tournaments (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.125). Finances are crucial and will always be needed towards the growth of any organization. This also applies to the Australian rugby league. Most of the financial support for this league is provided by sponsors (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p.16) For instance, it has been funded by Telstra and thereafter referred to as the n ational rugby league premiership (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 71). There are many other sponsors of the league alongside Telstra which include Toyota. Examples of other sponsors include Powerade who provide the rugby balls and AAMI who caters for the referees (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 60). The league partners with all these organizations that have similar goals to excel and work together.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Victorian rugby league specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australia is one of the locations around the globe where rugby league has been powerful and achieved great success (Daly 2005, p.26). By 1980, the league was popular enough at the grass roots level, that it was able to expand to other regions of Australia and spread Rugby league to areas which hadn’t seen Rugby League before (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 38). This was due to the rules set that were to be followed by all t he stakeholders- to let the game expand. The league has put in place a process of solving any emerging challenges. There is also a set code of conduct that ensures uniformity and elimination of any mistreatment of the parties involved. Strengths and opportunities Weaknesses and Threats The media saw the potential in the league and more focus was put on its performance by portraying it as an inefficient business but which could be rationalized (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). As a result of consistent focus by the media, it led to attraction of a large number of audience (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p.123). It is also imperative to note that the Australian rugby league has developed convenient ways of communication like the one-stop shop which contains contacts, information and downloads on all the activities of the league (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p.12) Organizations like rugby unions are a threat to the league since most of the players move from the league to the union and also provide a close competition to the league. The success of a league in any sport is determined mainly by the players. The Victorian league has many talented players who come from the state and as such, there is a large pool of players who can participate in the teams. Most of them have grown into competent and dependable players across the world. Due to great talents at the disposal of the league, it is easy to constitute the strongest team possible. Just like the players, the league has many fans that strengthen it through their support, and so expansion of the game across Victoria is imperative for the growth of the Victorian rugby league (Cortis, Sawrikar Muir 2007, p. 28). In Australia, the rugby league has played a significant role in ensuring that the game is played by all the members of the community at all age groups. The management of the league has put in place a countrywide training program for rugby players drawn from all levels (Cameron MacDougall 2000, p. 38) The recruitment test is relatively short and quite easy for those joining the team.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The media plays a huge part in the promotion of the sport across the state. Television rights and broadcasting at different times at night factor the wider audiences that view the sport. It looms as an opportunity for a television rights deal that has the potential to attract the millions of people across Victoria that would have otherwise not been exposed to Rugby League. The greater opportunity there is for people to view the sport, the greater the interest and support for games and participation, which would ultimately lead to a stronger league – participation wise and financially. There are many indigenous players in the national rugby league which is also one of the main objectives of the league (Daly 2005, p.36). This provides a good opportunity to expand the sport into indigenous regions in Australia, and to promote multi culture mentality and bring communities together. It has been able to address some of the community’s problems such as personal development of the young generation, by providing them with a sport that promotes exercise and allows for the social benefits of kids playing together and making friends with each other. Apart from working with community members, it has close links with some of the local organizations which are benefiting the local community (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 13). The league has promoted peace among states but racism still exists. In the process, there are those players or teams which are discriminated on the basis of their social background. This is a setback to the growth of the league although it is not widespread as it is the case in other sports (ABS 2002, p.12). There are still set objectives of the league which have not been achieved and as such, the league has to come up with guidelines on how the competitive level of the game can be improved (Davison Lawson 2006, p. 24). The governance of the league has been faced by setbacks such as the presence of administrators with state-based interests at t he expense of developing sports. This calls for an independent body which will help in strengthening the league both now and in the future. In spite of the strengths and opportunities highlighted above, there are still weaknesses and threats. For instance, discipline is a crucial element among players in any game and it is equally required in rugby. In the past, most of the Victorian league’s players have been featured in the media for the wrong reasons like lack of discipline. The Victorian league has strong traditions and cultures which compel it to resist changes and improvements that are required in the team from time to time. For example, most of the old players are retained for long not giving the young and innovative players a chance to participate as players. This issue has been a great setback to the league and has threatened its existence and success. Victoria is a state which is dominated by AFL, and by which, the Victorian rugby league is forever resisting the thr eat of losing players at the grass roots level as well as intermediate and professional level to the sporting code. This also looms as an opportunity however, to expand a sport in which Rugby League is a rare opportunity for kids in Victoria to participate a sport which is different. Conclusion and recommendations The Australian rugby league has been a success in achieving many of its goals though there are still setbacks which are impeding its growth. In terms of achievements, the league has been able to eliminate any harassment of stakeholders bearing in mind that the codes of conduct have been revised and have to be adhered to at all levels of participation. On the eradication of racism, it is has been quite a success although more emphasis on better codes of conduct are required. In addition, lack of an independent leadership system is still a setback since leaders’ decisions are based on their interests and not that of the leagues. The competition from other organization s is a threat to the league in the future. The training and performance capability of the team should be improved in order to outwit competition in both local and international matches. Due to competition, players join other organizations in search of favorable conditions. The state of losing players to other organizations can be reduced by creation of better remuneration plans for players. This will curb the challenge of losing players to other competitive leagues and teams across the board. References ABS, 2002, Social Capital and Social Wellbeing, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Sydney. Cameron, M. MacDougall, C 2000, Crime Prevention through Sport and Physical Activity, Australian Institute of Criminology, Sydney. Cortis, N., Sawrikar, P. Muir, K 2007, Participation in sport and recreation by culturally and linguistically diverse women, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Daly, S 2005, Social Capital and the Cultural Sector: Literature Review prepar ed for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, London School of Economics, London. Davison, K Lawson, C 2006, â€Å"Do attributes in the physical environment influence children’s physical activity?† International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 3 no.19, pp.1-17. Roberts, M 2008, Great Australian Sporting Moments: Great Australian Sporting Moments, Melbourne University Publishing, Melbourne. This case study on Victorian rugby league was written and submitted by user Damion Rivera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on GATE Education Programs

Started in the 1970’s, America’s Gifted & Talented programs have been used to enhance the curriculum of students included in either category in order to challenge and strengthen their unique abilities. These students are usually provided a separate class with specialized lessons in all areas and a teacher whom many times holds a special degree, credential, or certificate in gifted education. It is important that the teacher empathize with these students, and understand what the students must sometimes face as "above average" members of their school. One of the earliest programs for gifted and talented students was set up in 1974, at The Old Donation Center, in Virginia Beach. Students scoring within the top 3% of students on an assessment test are referred here to be further challenged. These students are considered gifted and have special teachers and classes to promote development of their talents and minds. Programs like this began to pop up around the nation in the 70’s; however, gifted students were looked down upon by teachers, parents, and peers. Many people considered them to be "freaks" because they were different. They didn’t understand the implications of the terms "gifted" and "talented". Most people simply expected gifted students to act more mature or to be geniuses, even though gifted students are the same as other children in their needs as human beings. Some gifted students were forced to grow up too fast and some simply ignored the fact that they were smarter than others, thus, they were lost in the shuffle. The irony of it all is that gifted-ness seems to run in families and the children of these repressed gifted students are, themselves, gifted. But what exactly is a "gifted" student? Students (elementary & secondary) are given a repertoire of tests. These tests check IQ, psychomotor ability, specific academ... Free Essays on GATE Education Programs Free Essays on GATE Education Programs Started in the 1970’s, America’s Gifted & Talented programs have been used to enhance the curriculum of students included in either category in order to challenge and strengthen their unique abilities. These students are usually provided a separate class with specialized lessons in all areas and a teacher whom many times holds a special degree, credential, or certificate in gifted education. It is important that the teacher empathize with these students, and understand what the students must sometimes face as "above average" members of their school. One of the earliest programs for gifted and talented students was set up in 1974, at The Old Donation Center, in Virginia Beach. Students scoring within the top 3% of students on an assessment test are referred here to be further challenged. These students are considered gifted and have special teachers and classes to promote development of their talents and minds. Programs like this began to pop up around the nation in the 70’s; however, gifted students were looked down upon by teachers, parents, and peers. Many people considered them to be "freaks" because they were different. They didn’t understand the implications of the terms "gifted" and "talented". Most people simply expected gifted students to act more mature or to be geniuses, even though gifted students are the same as other children in their needs as human beings. Some gifted students were forced to grow up too fast and some simply ignored the fact that they were smarter than others, thus, they were lost in the shuffle. The irony of it all is that gifted-ness seems to run in families and the children of these repressed gifted students are, themselves, gifted. But what exactly is a "gifted" student? Students (elementary & secondary) are given a repertoire of tests. These tests check IQ, psychomotor ability, specific academ...

Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing - Research Paper Example For example, the abstract concludes by the statement that qualitative and quantitative differences in the sialylation of superficial glycolipids in CF epithelial cells may contribute to the colonization of CF lung by P.aeruginosa. This creates suspense on the reader and a desire to read more of the article. Introduction: The introduction provides sufficient information concerning the study since it identifies the significance of the study. This is portrayed in last paragraph where Saiman and Prince (1993) identify the purpose of the research as to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P. aeruginosa and it plays a role in increasing the surface of CF respiratory epithelial cells (p. 1875). The introduction outlines the contents of the study, and it identifies various terms used in the study. Terms such as cystic fibrosis trans membrane and pulmonary failure are identified. The major weakness of the introduction is that it doesn’t identify the methods of conducting the study and the problem statement. The purpose of the study is clearly identified in the introduction that is to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P. aeruginosa and it plays a role in the surface increase of CF respiratory epithelial cells. The authors have used the population and the variable of the title in the introduction and the body of the article. For instance, P. aeruginosa has been identified as the basis of the articles research in the introduction (Saiman and Prince, 1993, p.1876), and they give the properties of the medical condition. The authors have succeeded in highlighting how P. aeruginosa affects C.F epithelial cells by increasing their surface. Basing on this, the authors have succeeded in integrating the population and its variable in the text.... The article does not have a section labeled literature review, however, in the introduction part of the paper, the authors have used the term various â€Å"studies† to denote that they have used other sources in coming with the results of the study. A major weakness in this is that they do not mention the studies they are quoting in the introductory part; therefore it is difficult to know the source of their literature review. This article contains clearly labeled theoretical framework section and the framework seems appropriate since no framework from nursing libraries could be located to guide the production of this particular kind of study. From the study, there are three assumptions made by the two authors. The authors have not provided challenges and limitations they encountered while conducting this study. This study has a broad implication for many areas of nursing such as nursing education, administration and practice. In administration, the nursing fraternity should support the conduction of research in areas highlighted by the text, and nurses should be trained on how to deal with the mentioned medical condition. this is a well-structured article, with proper identification of the scope of the conducted research. The authors have partly achieved the objective of their study, which is to prove that asioloGM1 is a receptor of P.aeruginosa. The researchers have also properly used APA citation techniques, and all in text citations are in the references section and due to these facts, I will strongly recommend a colleague to read it.

Estimating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Estimating - Essay Example The accuracy of this method is approximated to be +2.5 or -2.5meters. Another method that can potentially be used is by comparing the picture of the Shrine with an object (in the same picture) whose height is known. For example, we can calculate the number of repeated times through which the Shrines doors can be arranged to reach the bell tower and then multiply our results by the average height of Shrine’s door. An average of 11 doors can fit into the Bells height and each door is approximated to be 3m tall. This means that the approximate height of the Shrines bell= 11 x3=33 meters above the ground. Lastly the height of the Bell can also be estimated using simple Trigonometry. Using a position with a known distance from the Shrine building, the height of the location of the Shrines tower can be calculated as Height=Tan (Angle) x the known distance. The accuracy of this method is often =0.5 or -0.5. In my opinion, trigonometry method is better than the other methods since it has minimal error. The total load exerted by the bell tower can be estimated using the formula Total load= load per floor x the number of stories. Since the bell tower is entirely constructed using concrete, the weight of the walls and floors can be estimated as W= area of floors and walls x average weight per squire meters. The average weight of concrete per cubic meters=2400kg. Each story can be approximated to be 3 x 3 x10= 90m3. there are 8 floors each 3 x 3=72m3. =(90 x6)m3 +