Commonly Confused Words Diagnosis and Prognosis

The words  diagnosis and prognosis are commonly (though not exclusively) used in the medical field. Both terms contain the root word gnosis, which means knowledge. But  diagnosis and prognosis refer to different kinds of knowledge or information. Definitions The noun diagnosis refers to the process of analyzing information to understand or explain something. The plural of diagnosis is diagnoses. The adjective form is diagnostic. The noun prognosis means a forecast or prediction--a judgment about what is likely to occur in the future. The plural of prognosis is prognoses. In the medical field, diagnosis relates to identifying and understanding the nature of a disease or disorder, while a prognosis  is a prediction of the probable outcome of a disease or disorder. Examples Medical researchers are examining strategies for the early diagnosis of Alzheimers disease.A simple 15-minute brain scan could help doctors diagnose people* with  autism  by identifying structural differences in their brains. Scientists say the scans would speed up what is currently a long and emotional diagnostic procedure and allow the identification of at-risk children more rapidly.​(Alok Jha, Autism Can Be Diagnosed With Brain Scan--Study. The Guardian [UK], August 10, 2010)* See usage notes below.  The prognosis for continued and sustainable improvements in human well-being on a transformed planet Earth is, at best, guarded.​(W.C. Clark et al., Science for Global Sustainability.  Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, ed. by Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber et al. MIT Press, 2004)Our task was to  learn all that was known  about the natural history of disease so that we could make an accurate diagnosis and a reasonably probabilistic prognosis.  That done, our function as doctors  would be to enlist the best possible nursing care, explain matters to the patient and family, and stand by.​(Lewis Thomas, The Fragile Species. Touchstone, 1996) Usage Notes The distinguishing  difference between diagnosis and prognosis  is that prognosis implies the prediction of a future state. Thus, to accomplish prognosis requires both diagnostic and predictive tools, the former to sense the current state of damage and the latter to predict the future state based on projected usage and applicable life-prediction routines.​(Materials Damage Prognosis, ed. by James M. Larsen et al., 2005)  The disease, not the patient, is diagnosed. Do not write She was diagnosed with cancer. But also avoid stilted constructions like this: She was given a diagnosis of cancer. Consider simpler alternatives: She learned she had cancer. Tests showed she had cancer. Her doctor told her she had cancer.(Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, 5th ed. Three Rivers Press, 2015)Lurie 1927 disapproves of using the verb diagnose with a person as its object, even though there is often no other way of avoiding a stilted se ntence. . . . [W]e believe that it is more frequently found in speech than in writing. However, the usefulness of this sense of diagnose is manifest, and its use in writing may well increase.(Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, 1994) Practice (a) When the ships engine wouldnt start, the chief engineer offered a _____ of the problem.(b) The gloomy _____ for jobs and incomes in the coming year sent stock prices falling. Answers to Practice Exercises (a) When the ships engine wouldnt start, the chief engineer offered a  diagnosis  of the problem.(b) The gloomy  prognosis  for jobs and incomes in the coming year sent stock prices falling.

Research On Single Sex Education - 5889 Words

Michal Adler Capstone- Maalot 2015 July 12, 2015 Education reform is a commonly debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. Two fundamental reform ideas that are most commonly discussed are coeducation versus single sex education. This paper will explore the research behind single sex education versus coeducation, and how Jewish values relate to this research. The idea of educational reform is not a new concept in America. In the years following World War Two, the citizens of the United States were not strangers to poverty and low-levels of education as well as gender and racial discrimination in schools. One of the main focuses of the US legislative branch was to provide federal aid to resolve these major issues. In response to these con cerns, the US government decided to pass several laws to begin to equalize educational opportunities for all students no matter what their background was. (Office of Education (DHEW),1969). In 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson signed The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) which he believed would allow â€Å"full educational opportunities† to all students. The ESEA offered government aid in forms of scholarships to schools to help low-income students asShow MoreRelatedResearch On Single Sex Education5097 Words   |  21 Pages2015 Education reform is a widely debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. One fundamental reform idea that is most commonly discussed is coeducation vs single sex education. This paper will explore the research behindRead MoreSingle Sex Education Research Paper721 Words   |  3 PagesDenisse Franco Mrs. Kirkpatrick English 4, Period 6 18, April 2017 Single-sex Education Research Paper Many Americans go back and forth about whether an all boys (girls) school is a good idea to enroll their kids in. Therefore, many people are not well informed of the benefits or disadvantage in this type of education system (single-sex). This type of education includes the children that attend single sex schools are often brighter than those who attend regular schools with both sexes. Also theyRead MoreSingle Sex Classes Should Not Be Incorporated Into Schools Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesSingle-sex education consists of separating male and female students and teaching them in different schools or classes. Although controversial and often looked as antiquated, more Americans have been considering single-sex schools as a viable option since the early 2000’s. The reason? With various problems public school education faces, many parents have been looking at single-sex education as a potential solution to some of those problems. In addition, with the very convincing gender rhe toric thoseRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Single Sex Education Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagespublic single-sex education has increased in the recent years as schools are piled with more pressure to increase their grades and keep teaching method fresh. It’s an old approach to the education but its gaining momentum in public schools as it has been the method in most private schools. According to the report by National Association for Single Sex Education, over two hundred public schools across the United States offer single-sex classrooms. Most public schools are venturing into single-sex educationRead MoreInfanticide And Single Sex Education1284 Words   |  6 PagesCoeducation and single-sex education are both extensively used around the world. By the 1980s, more and more schools which only severed male or female became coed. Even though, many parents still send their kids to only men school or only women school now days. Then why would some people choose a only men or only women school? Is it against the â€Å"gender equality†? In the early civilizations, education was informally and it was primarily households. As time passed, people began to get educated moreRead Moresingle sex schools838 Words   |  4 Pages Single-Sex Schools: More Beneficial than a Parent May Think Single-sex education, also known as single-gender education, is the practice of conducting education where male and females students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or schools. It has been a topic of debate especially for parents who have to think about where to send their children to school. There are many reasons and evidence to suggest that single sex schools are more beneficial. They provide studentsRead MoreSingle Sex Education Is Beneficial For Females Than Males Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesschools so switching to single-sex education was rather different for me. Four years at Academy of the Holy Names prepared me to be successful in my future endeavors and also to be confident in who I am. Although research shows that single-sex education is beneficial for both sexes, it indicates that single-sex education is more advantageous for females than males. Research and statistics explain that there is a male dominance in co-education schools, and t hat single-sex education provides girls a betterRead MoreDania Jaser. Educational Psychology 2242. Kristen Kwasny.1734 Words   |  7 PagesEducational Psychology 2242 Kristen Kwasny 3 March 2017 Are Single-sex schools better? Recently single-sex schools have made a comeback, and this has raised the question of whether they are better than coeducational schools. In single-sex educational systems, male and female students are separated and taught in different school buildings or classrooms. In a historical point of view, only boys were given the opportunity to pursue formal education in the United States. Schools for women began to spreadRead MoreSingle Sex Education Is Overall More Effective For Most People1274 Words   |  6 PagesSingle sex education is overall more effective for most people. It helps with multiple aspects of a person s personality. This specific education helps students gain confidence, feel comfortable, and lets students be themselves. It’s no surprise that boys and girls were educated separately in the colonial times (Kennedy). During the 1960s and the 1970s, the number of single sex schools began to decrease. The main reason for this decrease was out of respect for women s rights and equalityRead MoreSingle-Sex Education and Co-ed Education Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesSingle-Sex Education and Coed Education. The single-sex format creates opportunities that do not exist in the coed classroom. (Edison 1) Researchers are unaware that both genders brains function differently. 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Poverty and Human Development for Islamic Finance - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePoverty and Human Development for Islamic Finance. Answer: Introduction Poverty continues to be a widespread problem that negatively affects economic growth of Nigeria. The widespread of poverty within Nigeria is no longer a controversial subject. However, the controversial part is the correct choice of appropriate strategies for reducing poverty within the region. The major suggestions are that the selection of strategies must be multidimensional and for all procedures recommended, the society has to remain committed, discipline, as well as consistent with all the ideas to be stipulatable (Obafemi Ifere, 2014). The need to follow appropriate technique is essential because overcoming the issue of poverty cannot come by accident but through conscious and concerted efforts by locals and Nigerian authorities. Poverty in Nigeria is largely the social problem rather than individual dispositional. Nigerians and their government have to address it critically, severally, and simultaneously on all fronts. The concern must recognize that overcoming poverty in the region comprises of economic, social, political, and agricultural, together with ideological policies that affect the economic sector. It is envisagable that every strategy set to overcome the issue will aid in reducing the incidence of poverty largely in Nigeria if adoptable and implemented in the right manner. Besides, every strategy suggested are mutually reinforcing in overcoming poverty (Koyenikam, 2011). Reducing poverty is the most significant challenge facing Nigeria and its citizens as well as the important obstacle to pursuit sustainable socioeconomic growth. Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to address how Nigeria can overcome the issue of poverty. Strategies for overcoming poverty in Nigeria Since the major causes of poverty in Nigeria are multinational, in the same manner, the strategies for overcoming poverty must remain to be multinational. Therefore, the firm along with solid foundation is essential for the successful implementation of programs for overcoming poverty. The strategies solidly based on the operations of state security along with political instability, obedience, infrastructural advancements, and progress of economic steadiness and stipulation of suffiecient welfare examinations. Achievement of every set strategy needs to focus collaboration of all stakeholders, federal, state, and local government, together with the private segment, non-governmental associations, and the international society (Adekoya Sofowora, 2014). All the strategies have to focus on ideas that ensure synergy and complementarity in the intervention of the several actions in each of the social sector. In the past, Nigerian government had embarked on different attempts to alleviate po verty but failed because of various reasons. Some of the reasons that need an improvement to overcome the issue include the politics of personal rule leading to military dictatorship making ordinary people remain in poverty. Some of the strategies that can be applicable in overcoming the poverty in Nigeria consist of sanctioning individuals through education, enlightening healthcare segment, improving health of environment, dealing with the HIV/AIDS question, creating the competitive private sector, improving regional integration and trade policies among other strategies (Sonanshei, 2014. The countries can also focus on building the more efficient and responsive public sector, improve safety and the administration of justice like increasing rights of women, promoting, and protecting human rights to enable every individual in the region to be economically independent. Creation of employment activities, raising wages in the employment sector, and canceling national debts are some of t he strategies for overcoming poverty in Nigeria. The idea calls for policies that develop market incentives, good infrastructure, stable social and political institution, and adaptable use of technology. There is also need to make basic social services available to poor persons in the region (Adepoju, 2014). Besides, primary health care, family planning, balanced nutrition, as well as the central education remains to have prime importance in overcoming poverty in Nigeria. All the major strategies that can aid in overcoming poverty fall into five different classes that include political, social, economic, ideological, and agricultural sectors. Development of rural parts of Nigeria For the extended period, Nigeria has had an approach of development that has the focus to folloe the industrial progess in the towns. The aid of developing urban areas remains to be that the improved prosperity and demand of raw materials can then flood to the rural regions. There is a need by the local authorities and national government to pursue to superior influence with a various tactics to developing the countryside areas (Oladapo, 2014). Such ideas of developing rural areas will aid in overcoming the poverty in the region because people will be able to attain basic amenities such as water, electricity, and clean water. The development of rural areas will lead to improved health care among the population and increasing education among the people within rural regions (Agoyino Ferrara, 2016). Besides, development of the countryside can aid in encouraging the creation of agro-based compnies in the region leading to increased employment rates that will allow people that reside in these regions to earn income that they can use in supporting their lives. The development of rural areas will enable the nation to stem rural-urban migration. The control of migration will curtail crime as well as the spread of wealth more equitably among its people. The Nigerian government must focus on the development of rural areas because most of its citizens who are poor are residing in the countryside and neglecting such people is what is liable for Nigerias poor score in the various state health catalogues. Therefore, strategies for developing rural areas will improve admission to technological device, entry to clean water, improved road transport, and increasing health among the residents (Oduwole, 2016). All these improvements will help in eliminating poverty level among the people within the rural setting. In another side, if national policies by the Nigerian government and other stakeholders fail to direct policies to develop rural areas in helping the poor majority in those areas, many people will remain to be dependent, and this will make the people rely on governmental support to live. Consequently, the government school aims at establishing science schools in countryside regions so that children can expand regional technologies to aid in process of improving the output among the local occupations (Alade Eniola, 2012). The improved technologies have to be adaptable in combination with foreign professionals that go aside in the countryside regions to guarantee transfer of technology for development. Constructive engagement People in Nigeria especially the youth have to discover to appoint their leaders to achieve constructive changes in the economic, social, political, and technological sector. These changes are essential to improving the income among the operators in different economic sectors. There is a need by the youths and any other person in the country to understand that never complains brought change in overcoming poverty levels in the country. However, people need to realize that analysis are right, but if they disaffect individuals in power and fall short to steer them towards completing certain alteration, they change to be the waste (Dauda, 2016). Constructive engagement by the citizens in Nigeria has to point out for areas for improvement to leaders. For proper improvement of lives of locals, authorities should ensure that the constructive engagement does not lead to the avenue to trade insults. The government can use the constructive engagement to reach the locals by teaching them on the best methods to use in farming and production. The improved production among the people will ensure that every individual is independent and can attain essential basic needs (Oduola, 2014). The creation of best jobs by constructive engagement is the great approach to reduce poverty in Nigeria. When people in the region have jobs, have the good income, and when individuals have income, they can more easily get themselves out of poverty. Increasing the minimum wage Majority of the population of Nigeria comprises more of the poor labor. It is essential for the employment sector in the region to make the poor laborers contented by enlighting their pay not portent fine for the whole country. Besides, most employers may dislike the idea of increasing wages of their employees. It is essential because people will be able to improve the quality of their lives because of increased effects of the wage bill in Nigeria. When employees are getting the better wage, they will increase their productivity, and the country will be able to earn huge income from different companies that they can use in improving lives of the people who are needy. The increased in wages will make money to be available to the society for discretionary spending (Anyanwa, 2014). These spending will increase as the demand for goods and services increases leading to improved lifestyles of people within the country. The increase in minimum wage of employees among Nigeria workers will en sure that the capacities of production become utilizable and total overall costs will drop (Oladapo, 2014). The decline in prices will lead to marginal that will increase profit margins essential in improving public amenities like communication and transport networks. It is evident that no community can only flourish and remain happy if the members of the nation remain poor and miserable. The plan to increase minimum wages by any employment sector in Nigeria can be essential in ensuring that every person in those employment sectors earns income that can support in acquiring basic needs like food, shelter, and housing. The increase in wages will enable the government to increase in tax that they receive from different employment sectors. The increase in taxation will be essential in ensuring that the state budget and develop various public areas like hospitals, schools, and roads (Dunne Ajayi, 2017). The development of public sector will help in reducing the poverty level among the people because the government can ensure that they provide free medical and learning. Therefore, with free education and medical services, those who might be less privileged in financial conditions will be able to have access to the improved healthcare sector and primary education without incurring any cost (Adekoya Sofowora, 2014). A fully employed employee with kids receiving the least salary will still be able to lift up the lineage in hardship. Therefore, boosting the minimum salary could potentially boost healthcare status as well as wellbeing of people. Increase awareness of family planning Despite the fact that the children are the gift from the Almighty God from the perspective of Christians, children are the benefit just for the nation whose state prosperity is escalating. Hardship does not stop births, although it remains to be unfavorable to taking care of children. For the country, whose state prosperity is declining or stagnant in growth that kids and their parents might mug huge misery. The Nigerian government should form the best strategy on how to control birth rates among its population because presently it has high birth rates (Oduola, 2014). The country should focus on controlling the steady increase in the birth rate as it will form the right program for the government to plan well for its development of public amenities that will support every individual.The country should not have much focus on how it create enough wealth for its burgeoning population, but on how to control birth rates. Controlling birth rates through improvised methods of family plannin g will be essential for the people and the country to give birth to children that they can support without any difficulty (Iyela Ikwuakam, 2015). The control of birth rates will also allow the poor in the country to plan for the correct number of children to have and support. The idea will be essential in ensuring that not every family faces the financial crisis in supporting their children. Increasing the awareness of family planning will help in making families elite on the correct number of children to have by their income. The poor will be able to assert their independence and reproductive rights through education concerning family planning. Better family planning reduces complications as well as ensuring women are in superior fitness when they have the successive pregnancy leading to improved health. The improved health of women who bear children will make sure that they do not incur extra costs in controlling their health status (Obafemi Ifere, 2014). Therefore, it is essential that the Nigerian authority to empower the Nigerian female through education. Besides, the government has the mandate to make, stock, and adequately team maternal toegther with childcare axis in every local authority in Nigeria to tackle family planning. Family planning among the people in the country will ensure that government can be able to support the right number of individuals leading to reduce cases of dependency. Development of infrastructure The rural poor in Nigeria has been unable tocreate the finest application of their possessions that include human resources and support services (Dunne Ajayi, 2017).Nigerian government should focus on communal along with physical communication network and services by funding and maintain the greatest infrastructure to support the lives of the rural population. The authority should aim at improving the infrastructure together with services that associate with the education and healthcare. The involvement of best-targeted groups in creating the choices concerning the completion, checking, and responsibilities of design will help in improving lives of the poor in countryside areas (Oduwole, 2016). The involvement of locals during the construction of national infrastructures like roads, hospital, or schools will make the people that are jobless to earn income, and this will help them to get their basic needs. Besides, infrastructure build in the rural areas will aid in building and stre ngthen human capital among the poor so that they can get out of poverty. The poor people in the countryside can then contribute more to the economy as well as society. There is a need to focus on building assets by the Nigerian government in every region of the country. The authority should be able to assess what assets the poor people in the society needs most to help them in earning more cash. The focus on building assets by the government to help the people might remain on agricultural soil or another resource, admission to recognition, or improvement of education level or healthcare status. The government should eliminate the reliance on basic materials without converge on developing other possessions, as it is the solitary most significant source of unrelenting hardship in Nigeria (Koyenikam, 2011). The elastic civil works strategy significantly aid the close landless as well as the lack of land to stabilize household utilization and shun fleeting hardship. The strategy is applicable on the sustainable foundation (Anyanwu, 2014). The strategy of developing infrastructure improves the authority of bargaining if the deprived people in countrysid e areas of Nigeria. Conclusion The research output on this paper addresses some of the policy responses to the envisaged complex humanitarian emergencies like poverty that faces developing countries around the world such as Nigeria. The national governments, private sectors, international communities, together with civil societies have the mandate of making the substantial effort of incorporating measures of overcoming poverty in their regular operations. In particular, the national authority of Nigeria keeps the relics of superior systems for budgeting, preparation, managing, as well as scheming of civic resources. The above strategies presented in this research paper are therefore expectable to offer the quantitative policy strategy for the various measures of overcoming poverty by different personnel. These strategies are the essential component in the effort of the Nigeria in establishing the basis for Long-term and sustainable development in the region. The primary suggested strategies must be multidimensiona l and for all the strategies recommended to work. References Adekoya - Sofowora, C. (2014). Global Theme Issue: Poverty and Human Development The effect of poverty on access to oral health care in Nigeria. Nigerian Dental Journal, 16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ndj.v16i1.42123 Adepoju, R. (2014). A Critical Analysis of Poverty Alleviation Strategies of Al-Hayat Relief Foundation in Nigeria. Journal Of Islamic Finance, 3(2), 49-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0025105 Agovino, M., Ferrara, M. (2016). Can civilian disability pensions overcome the poverty issue? A DSGE analysis for Italian data. Quality Quantity, 51(4), 1469-1491. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0347-9 Alade, O., Eniola, P. (2012). Gender Contribution to Rural Household Food Security in South West, Nigeria. Asian Journal Of Rural Development, 2(2), 32-39. https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajrd.2012.32.39 Anyanwu, J. (2014). Marital Status, Household Size and Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2009/2010 Survey Data. African Development Review, 26(1), 118-137. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12069 Dauda, R. (2016). Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Issues and Policies. Journal Of Poverty, 21(1), 61-79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2016.1141383 Deinne, C., Ajayi, D. (2017). Spatial Dynamics of Urban Poverty in Delta State Nigeria. Iyela, A., Ikwuakam, O. (2015). Poverty Coping Strategies of Rural Women Dwellers of Batagarawa Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p296 Koyenikan, M. (2011). Towards effective extension delivery approach and strategies for food security poverty alleviation and sustainable development in Nigeria. Global Approaches To Extension Practice: A Journal Of Agricultural Extension, 6(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gaep.v6i1.64022 Obafemi, F., Ifere, E. (2014). Incidence of Energy Poverty in Nigeria: A Critical Assessment. Advances In Social Sciences Research Journal, 1(4), 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.14.179 Oduola, F. (2014). Poverty Alleviation Strategies in Nigeria: The Missing Link of Adult Education. Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1674 Oduwole, T. (2016). Dialetical Discourse on Development and Poverty: Its Implication in Nigeria. Advances In Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.36.2039 Oladapo Sam, I. (2014). Achieving Sustainable Poverty Reduction and Rural Development in Nigeria through Local Economic Development Strategies. American Journal Of Rural Development, 2(1), 13-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajrd-2-1-3 Sonenshein, S. (2014). How Corporations Overcome Issue Illegitimacy and Issue Equivocality to Address Social Welfare: The Role of the Social Change Agent. Academy Of Management Review, 41(2), 349-366. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2013.0425